Times Table Chart

What a times table actually is

A times table is repeated addition written out in rows. The 4 times table is not twelve separate facts to memorise — it is one number added to itself again and again, and each row is the row above it plus that same number.

That is why a table can be rebuilt rather than recalled: forget one row and you can walk to it from the row you do remember. It is also why the grid below is symmetric — 3 × 4 and 4 × 3 are the same product, so every fact appears twice, and the table is half the size it looks.

Times table chart, 1 to 10

Read it as a crossing: pick a row, pick a column, and the cell where they meet is the product. The numbers down the left edge are links — each one opens the full table of that number, all the way to ×12.

Every table on this site

Beyond the grid, the tables of the numbers people look up most — up to 100, each with its own rows, steps and shortcuts:

1  ·  2  ·  3  ·  4  ·  5  ·  6  ·  7  ·  8  ·  9  ·  10  ·  11  ·  12  ·  13  ·  14  ·  15  ·  16  ·  17  ·  18  ·  19  ·  20  ·  24  ·  25  ·  30  ·  40  ·  45  ·  50  ·  60  ·  72  ·  80  ·  100

How to build any row you have forgotten

1. Start from a row you are sure of. ×1, ×2, ×5 and ×10 are the anchors — almost nobody loses those.
2. Step towards the row you want. One step is one addition of the number itself: from 7 × 6 = 42 to 7 × 7 = 49 is just +7.
3. Double where you can. ×4 is double ×2, ×6 is double ×3, ×8 is double ×4 — a doubling skips several additions at once.
4. Use ×10 as the pivot. ×9 is ×10 minus the number, ×11 is ×10 plus the number, ×12 is ×10 plus ×2.
5. Check by swapping. If 7 × 8 and 8 × 7 do not come out the same, one of the two rows is where the mistake is.

Shortcuts worth knowing

• The nine trick: 9 × 6 = 60 − 6 = 54. And the digits of every answer in the 9 times table add up to nine as far as 9 × 10 (5 + 4 = 9), which catches a wrong row without redoing it. It stops there: 9 × 11 = 99.
• The eleven trick: up to 9, the answer is the digit written twice — 11 × 7 = 77. Above that, it is ×10 plus the number: 11 × 11 = 110 + 11 = 121.
• The five trick: half of the ×10 row. 5 × 8 = 80 ÷ 2 = 40, and every answer ends in 5 or 0.
• The ten trick: write the number and add a zero — every digit moves one place left.
• The commutative shortcut: learning 7 × 8 gives you 8 × 7 for nothing, which is why the whole grid is half as much work as it looks.

Where the tables are actually used

• School: the tables are the floor everything else stands on — long multiplication, division, fractions and factoring all assume them.
• Shopping and quantities: 6 packs of 8, 12 boxes of 5 — the arithmetic that decides whether one trolley is enough.
• Materials: tiles, planks, seedlings and sheets are counted as rows times columns.
• Time and money: a weekly figure times 4, a daily figure times 7 — a table row, not a calculation.
• Checking a calculator: a mistyped digit is caught by an estimate, and an estimate is a table row.

Where a times table stops

• It does not multiply two large numbers. For 348 × 27, worked out digit by digit with the carries and the partial products, use the long multiplication calculator.
• The reverse operation is division. Reading a table backwards — 56 ÷ 7 = 8 — is what long division does step by step.
• Rows beyond ×12 are not a table any more. They are ordinary multiplication, and nobody learns them by heart.